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This data-set by the Electoral Integrity Project evaluates the quality of elections held around the world. Based on a rolling survey collecting the views of election experts, this research provides independent and reliable evidence to compare whether countries meet international standards of electoral integrity. PEI-4.0 cumulative release covers 180 national parliamentary and presidential contests held worldwide in 139 countries from 1 July 2012 to 31 December 2015. For each contest, 40 election experts receive an electronic invitation to fill the survey. The survey includes assessments from 2,080 election experts, with a mean response rate of 28%. The study collects 49 indicators to compare elections. These indicators are clustered to evaluate eleven stages in the electoral cycle as well as generating an overall summary Perception of Electoral Integrity (PEI) 100-point index and comparative ranking. The datasets are available for analysis at three levels: COUNTRY-level (139 cases); ELECTION-level (180 cases), and also EXPERT-level (2,080). Each dataset can be downloaded in STATA, SPSS, CSV and EXCEL formats.

Social Sciences

PEI, electoral integrity project, elections, electoral integrity, electoral fraud, voting behavior, cross-national elections, global, comparative politics, free and fair

BOOKS • LeDuc, Lawrence, Richard Niemi and Pippa Norris. Eds. 2014. Comparing Democracies 4: Elections and Voting in a Changing World. London: Sage Publications. • Nai, Alessandro and Walter, Annemarie. Eds. 2015 New Perspectives on Negative Campaigning: Why Attack Politics Matters. Colchester: ECPR Press. • Norris, Pippa, Richard W. Frank and Ferran Martínez i Coma. Eds. 2014. Advancing Electoral Integrity. New York: Oxford University Press. • Norris, Pippa, Richard W. Frank and Ferran Martínez i Coma. Eds. 2015. Contentious Elections: From Ballots to the Barricades. New York: Routledge. • Norris, Pippa. 2014. Why Electoral Integrity Matters. New York: Cambridge University Press. • Norris, Pippa. 2015. Why Elections Fail. New York: Cambridge University Press. • Norris, Pippa and Andrea Abel van Es. Eds. 2016. Checkbook Elections? Political Finance in Comparative Perspective. Oxford University Press. ARTICLES AND CHAPTERS • W. Frank. 2013. ‘Assessing the quality of elections.’ Journal of Democracy. 24(4): 124-135. • Norris, Pippa. 2013. ‘Does the world agree about standards of electoral integrity? Evidence for the diffusion of global norms.’ Special issue of Electoral Studies. 32(4):576-588. • Norris, Pippa. 2013. ‘The new research agenda studying electoral integrity’. Special issue of Electoral Studies. 32(4): 563-575.57 • Norris, Pippa. 2014. ‘Electoral integrity and political legitimacy.’ In Comparing Democracies 4. Lawrence LeDuc, Richard Niemi and Pippa Norris. Eds. London: Sage. • Norris, Pippa, Richard W. Frank and Ferran Martínez i Coma. 2014. ‘Measuring electoral integrity: A new dataset.’ PS: Political Science & Politics. 47(4): 789-798. • Norris, Pippa. 2016 (forthcoming). ‘Electoral integrity in East Asia.’ Routledge Handbook on Democratization in East Asia. Tun-jen Cheng and Yun-han Chu. Eds. Routledge: New York. • Norris, Pippa. 2016 (forthcoming). ‘Electoral transitions: Stumbling out of the gate.’ In Rebooting Transitology – Democratization in the 21st Century. Mohammad-Mahmoud Ould Mohamedou and Timothy D. Sisk. Eds. • Pietsch, Juliet; Michael Miller and Jeffrey Karp. 2015. ‘Public support for democracy in transitional regimes.’ Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties. 25(1): 1–9. DOI: 10.1080/17457289.2014. • Smith, Rodney. 2016 (forthcoming). ‘Confidence in paper-based and electronic voting channels: Evidence from Australia.’ Australian Journal of Political Science. ID: 1093091 DOI: 10.1080/10361146.2015.1093091 dx.doi.org/10.1080/07907184.2015.1099097 • Van Ham, Carolien and Staffan Lindberg. 2015. ‘From sticks to carrots: Electoral manipulation in Africa, 1986-2012’, Government and Opposition 50(3): 521 - 548, http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2015.6 • Van Ham, Carolien and Staffan Lindberg. 2015. ‘When Guardians Matter Most: Exploring the Conditions under Which Electoral Management Body Institutional Design Affects Election Integrity’, Irish Political Studies, 30(4): 454 - 481, http:// dx.doi.org/10.1080/07907184.2015.1099097 • Van Ham, Carolien and Staffan Lindberg. 2015. ‘From sticks to carrots: Electoral manipulation in Africa, 1986-2012’, Government and Opposition 50(3): 521 - 548, http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2015.6 REPORTS • • Grömping, Max and Ferran Martínez i Coma. 2015 ‘Electoral Integrity in Africa’. • Norris, Pippa; Richard W. Frank and Ferran Martínez i Coma. 2014. ‘The Year in Elections, 2013’. • Norris, Pippa; Ferran Martínez i Coma and Max Grömping. 2015. ‘The Year in Elections, 2014’. • Norris, Pippa; Andrea Abel van Es and Lisa Fennis. 2015. ‘Checkbook Elections? Political Finance in Comparative Perspective’. • Several authors. 2015. Secure and Fair Elections (SAFE) Workshop: Model Curriculum. Stockholm: International IDEA.